Stainless hlau yog dab tsi?
Stainless hlau yog cov khoom siv dav siv hauv ntau lub lag luam vim nws cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws yog lub npe hu rau nws cov corrosion kuj, durability, thiab zoo nkauj txaus siab. Tab sis koj puas tau xav paub dab tsi stainless hlau yog ua los ntawm? Nyob rau hauv tsab xov xwm no, peb yuav tshawb txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm stainless hlau thiab cov txheej txheem koom nrog hauv nws cov khoom.
Taw qhia rau Stainless Hlau
Stainless hlau yog cov hlau alloy, uas txhais tau hais tias nws yog tsim los ntawm ob lossis ntau dua cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm stainless hlau, nws feem ntau muaj hlau, chromium, thiab ntau lwm yam nyob ntawm seb cov qib tshwj xeeb. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm chromium yog qhov txawv ntawm stainless hlau los ntawm lwm hom hlau.
Hlau: Cov pob txha ntawm Stainless hlau
Hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm stainless hlau. Nws muab cov txheej txheem muaj zog thiab tsim cov pob txha ntawm cov khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hlau ntshiab tsis haum rau feem ntau daim ntawv thov vim nws raug rau corrosion. Qhov ntawd yog qhov uas chromium los ua si.
Chromium: Lub Corrosion Fighter
Chromium yog cov khoom uas muab cov hlau tsis muaj steel nws cov khoom tiv thaiv corrosion. Thaum chromium ntxiv rau hlau, nws tsim ib txheej oxide nyias ntawm cov hlau, hu ua cov txheej txheem passive. Cov txheej no ua raws li kev thaiv, tiv thaiv cov pa oxygen thiab noo noo los ntawm kev ncav cuag cov hlau hauv qab. Yog tsis muaj txheej no, cov hlau yuav ua rau xeb thiab deterioration.
Lwm cov ntsiab lus hauv Stainless Hlau
Dhau li ntawm hlau thiab chromium, stainless hlau tuaj yeem muaj ntau yam ntawm lwm cov ntsiab lus nyob ntawm seb cov khoom xav tau. Qee cov ntsiab lus alloying muaj xws li nickel, molybdenum, manganese, thiab carbon. Cia peb ua tib zoo saib lawv lub luag haujlwm hauv stainless hlau.
- Nickel: Nickel feem ntau ntxiv rau stainless hlau los txhim kho nws cov corrosion kuj thiab txhim kho nws cov ductility. Nws kuj pab tswj cov qauv austenitic ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
- Molybdenum: Molybdenum yog siv hauv stainless hlau los txhim kho nws lub zog, tiv thaiv pitting corrosion, thiab siab kub stability. Nws yog feem ntau ntxiv rau ntau dua rau cov ntawv thov hauv qhov chaw nruj, xws li kev lag luam marine lossis tshuaj lom neeg.
- Manganese: Manganese pab txhawb lub zog thiab hardenability ntawm stainless hlau. Nws kuj tseem pab txo qis kev tsim cov khoom tsis zoo, xws li sulfur, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom siv.
- Cov pa roj carbon: Cov pa roj carbon yog ib qho tseem ceeb hauv cov hlau tsis muaj steel vim nws txiav txim siab nws qhov nyuaj thiab lub zog. Cov ntsiab lus carbon hauv stainless hlau feem ntau yog qis, nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.03% txog 0.08%. Txawm li cas los xij, qee cov qib tshwj xeeb yuav muaj cov ntsiab lus carbon siab dua kom muaj zog ntxiv.
Hom Stainless Hlau
Stainless hlau muaj nyob rau hauv ntau qib, txhua tus tsim los rau cov kev siv tshwj xeeb raws li lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Qee qhov feem ntau siv stainless hlau hom yog:
1. Austenitic Stainless Steel: Qhov no yog hom stainless hlau ntau tshaj plaws, suav txog li ntawm 70% ntawm tag nrho cov khoom. Nws muaj cov qib siab ntawm chromium thiab npib tsib xee, uas ua rau nws zoo heev corrosion-resistant thiab tsis-magnetic. Austenitic stainless hlau feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hauv chav ua noj, dab dej, khoom noj khoom haus, thiab kev lag luam tshuaj.
2. Ferritic Stainless Steel: Ferritic stainless hlau muaj cov chromium ntau dua thiab cov ntsiab lus nickel qis dua piv rau austenitic stainless hlau. Nws yog hlau nplaum thiab muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo, tab sis tsis siab npaum li qib austenitic. Ferritic stainless hlau pom cov ntawv thov nyob rau hauv automotive tso systems, architectural trim, thiab cov hom phiaj zoo nkauj.
3. Martensitic Stainless Steel: Martensitic stainless hlau paub txog nws lub zog siab thiab hardness. Nws muaj qis corrosion kuj piv rau qib austenitic thiab ferritic, thiab nws yog hlau nplaum. Martensitic stainless hlau feem ntau yog siv rau hauv riam, txiav cov cuab yeej, thiab cov cuab yeej kho hniav thiab phais.
4. Duplex Stainless Steel: Duplex stainless hlau yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm cov qauv austenitic thiab ferritic nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug sib npaug. Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo corrosion, siab zog, thiab zoo weldability. Duplex stainless hlau yog siv nyob rau hauv tshuaj ua cov nroj tsuag, roj thiab roj kev lag luam, thiab offshore daim ntaub ntawv.
Txheej txheem ntau lawm
Tam sim no peb nkag siab txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm stainless hlau cia's delve rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm. Muaj ntau txoj hauv kev los tsim cov hlau tsis muaj steel, tab sis feem ntau siv ib qho yog cov txheej txheem hluav taws xob arc rauv (EAF). Nov yog cov kauj ruam yooj yim koom nrog:
1. Cov Khoom Raw: Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov hlau tsis muaj hlau yog hlau ore, chromium, thiab lwm yam alloying ntsiab. Cov khoom siv raw no tau ua tib zoo xaiv kom ua tiav qhov kev xav tau.
2. Melting thiab Alloying: Cov ntaub ntawv raw yog melted nyob rau hauv ib tug hluav taws xob arc rauv, qhov twg ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no dhau los ntawm cov sib tov. Cov cua kub hnyav los ntawm hluav taws xob arc melts cov ntaub ntawv, cia lawv sib tov thiab tsim ib homogeneous molten hlau.
3. Refining: Thaum lub melting thiab alloying tiav, cov hlau molten undergoes tus txheej txheem refining kom tshem tawm impurities. Cov txheej txheem no feem ntau suav nrog kev siv argon lossis kev txhaj tshuaj oxygen los txo cov pa roj carbon thiab sulfur cov ntsiab lus.
4. Nruam Casting: Cov hlau refined molten yog ces muab pov rau hauv semi-tiav khoom, xws li billets los yog slabs, siv ib tug nruam casting txheej txheem. Cov txheej txheem no ua kom cov qauv zoo ib yam thiab pab txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntxiv.
5. Kub Rolling: Cov khoom lag luam ib nrab yog rhuab thiab dhau los ntawm cov kub dov mills, uas lawv maj mam txo mus rau qhov xav tau tuab thiab cov duab. Cov kauj ruam no pab txhim kho cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm stainless hlau.
6. Txias Rolling thiab Annealing: Tom qab kub dov, cov hlau tsis muaj steel yuav tsum tau txias dov kom ua tiav qhov kev xav tau ntawm qhov chaw tiav thiab qhov tseeb. Tom qab ntawd nws yog annealed, uas suav nrog cua sov thiab tswj cov cua txias, txhawm rau txo cov kev ntxhov siab sab hauv thiab ua kom cov khoom ductility.
7. Kev ua tiav tiav: Cov kauj ruam kawg yuav muaj ntau yam kev ua tiav, xws li pickling, descaling, polishing, lossis txheej, nyob ntawm seb daim ntawv thov npaj. Cov txheej txheem no tshem tawm cov impurities saum npoo, txhim khu cov tsos, thiab muab kev tiv thaiv ntxiv tiv thaiv corrosion.
Xaus
Stainless hlau yog ib qho alloy feem ntau muaj hlau thiab chromium, nrog rau kev sib ntxiv ntawm lwm cov khoom kom ua tiav cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Nws cov kev tiv thaiv corrosion, durability, thiab zoo nkauj thov ua rau nws muaj ntau yam khoom siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam kev siv. Nkag siab txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntawm stainless hlau muab kev pom zoo rau nws cov khoom zoo kawg li. Yog li, lwm zaus koj siv cov khoom siv stainless hlau lossis ntsib cov qauv hlau tsis muaj steel, koj yuav muaj kev nkag siab zoo dua ntawm cov lus dag hauv qab lawv qhov ci ntsa iab.